German art
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Making generalizations about the visual culture of any group of people is a crude endeavor, especially with a culture as diverse as Germany's. With this thought in mind, know that this survey, as any must be, is tremendously limited in its breadth and depth.
[Expect a more
in-depth article to appear here soon.]
Examples:
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Germany, Altar Cloth: Christ in Judgment and others,
second half of the 14th century, linen
on linen, width 47 1/4 inches
(120 cm), length 13 feet
(396.2 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. See altar.
Germany / Switzerland, upper Rhenish (Strasbourg),
The Queen of Sheba before King Solomon,
1490-1500, tapestry
with linen warp,
wool, linen, and metallic
wefts, 31 x 40 inches (80
x 101.6 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. See Swiss
art.
Southern Germany, Stained Glass of St. George, 1400-1410,
colored glass,
lead, 59 x 39 cm, Hermitage
Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Germany, Tournament Shield (Targe), c. 1450, wood, leather,
linen, gesso,
polychromy, silver,
22 x 16 inches (56 x 40.5 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
See arms &
armor.
Germany, Crossbow of Ulrich V, Duke of Württemberg,
1460, wood, iron, ivory,
horn, whalebone, tendon,
length 28 1/4 inches (71.7
cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Martin Schongauer (German, c. 1445-1491),
Christ Carrying the Cross, c. 1475-80,
engraving,
11 3/8 x 16 7/8 inches (28.9 x 42.9 cm), Metropolitan Museum
of Art, NY.
Joos van Cleve (German, c. 1464 - c. 1540), Maximilian I (1459-1519), Holy Roman Emperor, c. 1510, oil on wood panel, 34.5 x 24 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471-1528),
The Walk, c. 1496-1498, 195 x 120 cm,
engraving, Hermitage
Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. See Northern Renaissance.
Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait at Twenty-Seven, 1498,
20 1/2 x 16 1/8 inches, Museo del Prado, Madrid. See self-portrait.
Germany (probably Nuremberg), Tournament Helm (Stechhelm), c. 1500,
steel, brass,
height 17 3/4 inches (45
cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Albrecht Dürer, Adam and Eve, 1504, engraving, 9 7/8 x 7 7/8 inches (25.1 x 20.0
cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Albrecht Altdorfer (German, c. 1480-1538), The Entrance Hall of the Regensburg Synagogue, 1519, etching, 6 1/4 x 4 3/8 inches (15.9 x 11.1 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Kolman Helmschmid (German, 1471-1532, Augsburg),
Portions of a Costume Armor, c. 1525,
steel, embossed,
etched, and gilded,
Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Albrecht Altdorfer (German, c. 1480-1538),
Samson and Delilah (Judges 16:19), 1506,
pen and dark brown ink, heightened
with white, on brown prepared paper,
6 11/16 x 4 3/4 inches (17.0 x 12.0 cm), Metropolitan Museum
of Art, NY.
Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1484/85-1545),
Christ as the Man of Sorrows, c. 1511-1512,
black ink on pink paper, Metropolitan Museum of Art,
NY.
Peter Peck (German, 1500/10-1596, Munich),
Double-Barreled Wheellock Pistol of Emperor Charles
V, c. 1540-45, steel,
etched and gilded,
wood, inlaid
with engraved
staghorn, length 19 3/8 inches (49.2 cm), Metropolitan Museum
of Art, NY.
Michael Ostendorfer (German, active 1520-1549),
an illustration for Astronomicum Caesareum,
written by Petrus Apianus, 1540, woodcut,
hand-colored, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Nuremberg School (last quarter of the 16th century), Satyr Mother with a Child Satyr, bronze, height 10 5/16 inches (26.2 cm), Frick Collection, NY. See satyr.
Germany (probably Nuremberg), Tournament Book, late 16th century, pen and colored wash
on paper, Metropolitan Museum of
Art, NY.
Germany, Bohemia, Humpen, 16-17th century, glass, height 11 5/8 inches (29.5 cm), Fine Art Museums of San Francisco, CA. See glass.
Hilt by Israel Schuech Dresden (German, active
c. 1590-1610, Dresden), Blade by Juan Martinez (Toledo, Spain),
Rapier of Prince-Elector Christian II of Saxony,
1606, steel, bronze-gilt
with traces of enamel,
paste jewels, cameos, pearls,
length 48 inches (122 cm),
Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Anton Raffael Mengs (German, 1728-1779),
Perseus and Andromeda, 1777, oil
on canvas, 227 x 153.5
cm, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. See Neoclassicism.
Caspar David Friedrich (German, 1774-1840),
On Board a Sailing Ship, 1818-1820, oil on canvas,
28 x 22 inches (71 x 56 cm), Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg,
Russia. See Romanticism.
Caspar David Friedrich, The Solitary Tree, 1822, oil
on canvas, 55 x 71 cm,
Nationalgalerie, Berlin. A lone shepherd leans against the trunk
of this ancient tree, watching his flock of sheep.
Caspar David Friedrich, Woman at a Window, 1822, Nationalgalerie,
Berlin. A lone woman stands gazing out an upper-storey window.
We see the top of a sailboat's rigging against the sky.
Caspar David Friedrich, Moonrise, 1835-1837, sepia wash over a pencil sketch, bordered with India ink, 24.5 x 34.5 cm, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Andreas Achenbach (German, 1815-1910), Sunset after a Storm on the Coast of Sicily,
1853, oil on canvas,
32 3/4 x 42 1/4 inches (83.2 x 107.3 cm), Metropolitan Museum
of Art, NY. See Romanticism.
Käthe Kollwitz (German, 1867-1945),
Selbstibildnis am Tisch, II. Fassung (Self-Portrait
at the Table, Second Version), c. 1893, etching and aquatint, image 18 x 12.6 cm; sheet 45 x 31.5
cm, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, CA. See Expressionism.
Käthe Kollwitz, Ende (End), from the series, A Weavers' Rebellion, 1898, mixed intaglio methods, 245 x 305 mm, Spencer Museum, KS. Click here for a 77 k image.
Käthe Kollwitz, Selbstbildnis mit der Hand an der Stirn (Self-Portrait
with Hand on the Forehead), 1910, etching, plate 15.5 x 13.8 cm, Fine
Arts Museums of San Francisco, CA.
Käthe Kollwitz, Kleines Selbstbildnis (Small Self-Portrait),
1920, lithograph,
sheet 32.4 x 24 cm; image 23.5 x 20 cm, Fine Arts Museums of
San Francisco, CA.
Käthe Kollwitz, Selbstbildnis (Self-Portrait), 1921,
etching on paper,
plate 8 1/2 x 10 1/2 inches (21.7 x 26.8 cm), National Museum
of Women in the Arts, Washington, DC.
Käthe Kollwitz, Kleines Selbstbildnis nach links (Small Self-Portrait
from the left) (2nd version), 1922, lithograph, image 19 x 12.5 cm; sheet
34.6 x 25 cm, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, CA.
Käthe Kollwitz, Selbstbildnis von vorn (Self-Portrait from the
Front), 1923, woodcut,
image 15 x 15.6 cm, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, CA.
Käthe Kollwitz, Selbstbildnis im Profil nach Rechts (Self-Portrait
in Profile to the Right), 1938, lithograph, image 47.9 x 29.4 cm; sheet
65.1 x 49.2 cm, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, CA.
Emil Nolde (German, 1867-1956), E.N. (Selbstporträt) (E. N. (Self-Portrait)),
1908, etching
with tonal effects on iron, image 30.8 x
23.5 cm, printer, Otto Felsing, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco,
CA. See self-portrait.
Ernst Barlach (German, 1870-1938)
Paula Modersohn-Becker (German, 1876-1907),
Self-Portrait, Half-Figure with Amber Necklace
II (Selbstbildnis als Halbakt mit Bernsteinkette II),
Summer of 1906, oil on
canvas, 61 x 50 cm, Kunstmuseum,
Basel, Switzerland. See Expressionism,
feminism and feminist art, and
self-portrait.
August Sander (German, 1876-1964), Arbeitslos, 1928, depicted: Germany,
gelatin silver print, 23 x 17 cm (9 1/16 x 6 11/16 inches), Metropolitan
Museum of Art, NY.
Paul Klee (Swiss, born Germany , 1879-1940), Birds Making Scientific Experiments in Sex, 1915, pen and black ink, Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emery U, Atlanta, GA. See Bauhaus.
Paul Klee, Temple Gardens, 1920, gouache and traces of ink
on paper, 7 1/4 x 10 1/4 inches
(18.4 x 26.7 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (German, 1880-1938),
Two Women, 1911/22, oil
on canvas, 59 x 47 inches
(149.9 x 119.4 cm), Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, The Belle-Alliance-Platz in Berlin, 1914,
oil on canvas,
200 x 150 cm, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin.
Max Pechstein (German, 1881-1955), Selbstbildnis mit Pfeife (Raucher) (Self-Portrait
with Pipe (Smoker)), from Die Schaffenden (Weimar,
1924), 1921, woodcut,
image 34 x 28 cm, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, CA. See
self-portrait.
Erich Heckel (German, 1883-1970), Standing Child, 1910, color
woodcut, 14 7/8 x 10 7/8 inches
(37.7 x 27.6 cm), Los Angeles County Museum of Art. See Die Brücke.
Erich Heckel, Bildnis E.H. (Self-Portrait), 1917, woodcut,
image 36.4 x 29.5 cm; sheet 61.6 x 50.7 cm, Fine Arts Museums
of San Francisco, CA. See self-portrait.
Max Beckmann (German, 1884-1950), Beginning, 1949, oil
on canvas, 69 x 125 1/2
inches (175.3 x 318.8 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (German, 1884-1976),
Selbstbildnis (Self-Portrait), 1914,
woodcut,
image 34.9 x 29.7 cm; sheet 57.8 x 45.1 cm, Fine Arts Museums
of San Francisco, CA. See Die Brücke
and self-portrait.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (German-American, born Germany, 1886-1969), a drawing of the Friedrichstrasse Office Building, Berlin, 1921. Mies van der Rohe was the last director of the Bauhaus design school in Dessau, from 1930 until its closing in 1932.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, designer, "MR" Armchair, 1927, chrome-plated steel and painted
caning, 31 1/2 x 22 x
37 inches (80 x 55.9 x 94 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
This was developed from a 1924 design for a cantilevered chair
by Mart Stam. It was introduced by Mies van der Rohe at the 1927
Stuttgart exhibition and has remained in production ever since.
See furniture.
Otto Dix (German, 1891-1969), The Journalist Sylvia Von Harden, 1926, oil and tempera on wood, 121 x 89 cm, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.
George Grosz (German, 1893-1959), Remember Uncle August, the Unhappy Inventor, 1919, oil, pencil, paper and five buttons adhered to canvas, 49 x 39.5 cm, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.
Lux Feininger (American, born Germany, 1910-),
Clemens Röseler, c. 1928, gelatin
silver print, 11.3 x 8.9 cm (4 7/16 x 3 1/2 inches), Metropolitan
Museum of Art, NY.
Gerhard Richter (German, 1932-), Abstract Painting No. 439, 1978, oil on canvas,
200.0 x 300.0 cm, Tate Gallery, London. See abstraction.
Gerhard Richter, Self-Portrait, Three Times, 24.1.90,
1990, oil on photograph, 50.0 x 60.0 cm, Tate Gallery,
London. See self-portrait.
Hans Haacke (German, 1936-), A Breed Apart, 1978, photographs on paper
laid on hardboard, 91.0 x 91.0 cm, Tate Gallery, London.
From the mid-1960s, Haacke produced boldly
political works exposing systems of power and influence. Many
of these have focused on the unethical practices of multinational
corporations, but he has also examined the power relations within
the art world itself. A Breed Apart targeted British Leyland,
an auto manufacturer, pitting glamorized advertising images against
brutal 'real' world ones, drawing attention to the double standards
of British Leyland's involvement with the South African apartheid
regime.
Anselm Kiefer (German, 1945-), Parsifal I, 1973, oil
on paper laid on canvas,
324.7 x 219.8 cm, Tate Gallery, London. See Neo-Expressionism.
Anselm Kiefer, Parsifal II, 1973, oil
and blood on paper laid on canvas, 324.7 x 218.8 cm,
Tate Gallery, London.
Anselm Kiefer, Parsifal III, 1973, oil
and blood on paper on canvas,
300.7 x 434.5 cm, Tate Gallery, London.
Anselm Kiefer, Lilith, 1987-9, oil,
ash and copper wire
on canvas, 380.0 x 560.0
cm, Tate Gallery, London.
Anselm Kiefer, Bohemia Lies by the Sea, 1996, oil,
emulsion, shellac,
charcoal and powdered
paint on burlap, overall:
75 1/4 x 221 inches (191.1 x 561.3 cm); two panels,
each: 75 1/4 x 110 1/2 inches (191.1 x 280.7 cm), Metropolitan
Museum of Art, NY.
Thomas Struth (German, 1954-), San Zaccaria, 1995, depicted: Venice,
Italy, chromogenic print, 181.9 x 230.5 cm (71 5/8 x 90 3/4 inches),
Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. Here is a side altar in Venice's
San Zaccaria above which Giovanni Bellini painted a Madonna in
1505. It reigns over the adjacent paintings and all the surrounding
space. See Renaissance.
Also see architecture, arms & armor, Bauhaus, Celtic art, costume, Dada, Danish art, degenerate, Der Blaue Reiter, design, Die Brücke, drawing, Dutch art, engraving, etching, expressionism, Expressionism, fascist aesthetic, flags of Europe, Fluxus, French art, furniture, genre, Gothic, history painting, illumination, Impressionism, jewelry, landscape, lithography, Madonna, marble, Middle Ages, monument, museum, mythology, narrative art, Neoclassicism, Northern Renaissance, nude, pastel, photography, Polish art, porcelain, portrait, propaganda, Romanticism, sculpture, seascape, self-portrait, Spanish art, stained glass, still life, Surrealism, Swiss art, tapestry, textile, watercolor, and woodcut, among many other articles.
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