De Stijl or de Stijl -
An art movement advocating
pure abstraction and simplicity
— form reduced to the rectangle
and other geometric shapes,
and color to the primary
colors, along with black and white. Piet Mondrian (Dutch,
1872-1944) was the group's leading figure. He published a manifesto titled Neo-Plasticism
in 1920. Another member, painter Theo van Doesberg (Dutch,
1883-1931) had started a journal named De Stijl in 1917,
which continued publication until 1928, spreading the theories
of the group, which also included the painter George Vantongerloo
(Belgian, 1886-1965), along with the architects Jacobus Johannes
P. Oud (1890-1963) and Gerrit Rietveld (Dutch, 1888-1965).
Their work exerted tremendous influence on the Bauhaus and the International Style.
(pr. duh-stayl')
Examples:
Piet Mondrian (born Pieter-Cornelis Mondriaan)
(Dutch, 1872-1944), Irises, c. 1908, oil
on canvas, 30 1/4 x 21
1/4 inches, Minneapolis Institute of Arts. A painting from the
period preceding his work in "De Stijl."
Piet Mondrian, Trees, c. 1912, oil
on canvas, 37 X 27 7/8
inches (94 X 70.8 cm), Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA.
A painting from the period in which Mondrian's work was entering "De Stijl."
Piet Mondrian, Color Planes in Oval, 1913-14, oil on canvas, 42 3/8 x 31 inches (107.6 x 78.8 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition in Brown and Gray, 1913-14, oil on canvas, 33 3/4 x 29 3/4 inches (85.7 x 75.6 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Pier and Ocean (Sea and Starry Sky), 1914, charcoal and gouache on buff paper, 34 5/8 x 44 inches (87.9 x 111.2 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY. A painting from the period in which Mondrian's work was entering "De Stijl."
Piet Mondrian, Composition, V, 1914, oil on canvas, 21 5/8 x 33 5/8 inches (54.8 x 85.3 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition with Color Planes, V, 1917, oil on canvas, 19 3/8 x 24 1/8 inches (49 x 61.2 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition C, 1920, oil on canvas, 23 3/4 x 24 inches (60.3 x 61 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1921, oil on canvas, 29 7/8 x 20 5/8 inches (76 x 52.4 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Painting, I (Tableau I), 1926, oil on canvas; diagonal measurements, 44 3/4 x 44 inches (113.7 x 111.8 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition, II, 1929 (the original inscription "P.M.29" partly obliterated; mistakenly repainted "P.M.25" by Mondrian when he restored the painting in March 1942), oil on canvas, 15 7/8 x 12 5/8 inches (40.3 x 32.1 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1933, oil on canvas, 16 1/4 x 13 1/8 inches (41.2 x 33.3 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition No. lll Blanc-Jaune, 1935
[first state], Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue, 1935-1942 [second state], oil on canvas, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
See rectangle and state.
Piet Mondrian, Composition in White, Black, and Red, 1936, oil on canvas, 40 1/4 x 41 inches (102.2 x 104.1 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition in Yellow, Blue, and White, I, 1937, oil on canvas, 22 1/2 x 21 3/4 inches (57.1 x 55.2 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Composition in Red, Blue and White, II,
1937, oil on canvas,
75 x 60.5 cm, Georges Pompidou Center, Paris.
Piet Mondrian, Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1937-42, oil on canvas, 23 3/4 x 21 7/8 inches (60.3 x 55.4 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Trafalgar Square, 1939-43, oil on canvas, 57 1/4 x 47 1/4 inches (145.2 x 120 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie Woogie. 1942-43, oil on canvas,
50 x 50 inches (127 x 127 cm), at the Museum of Modern Art, New
York. See grid.
Theo van Doesburg (born Christian Emil Kuepper
[or Küpper]) (Dutch, 1883-1931), Composition X, 1918, oil
on canvas, 64 x 43 cm,
Georges Pompidou Center, Paris.
Theo van Doesburg, Pure Painting, 1920, oil
on canvas, 130 x 80.5 cm,
Georges Pompidou Center, Paris.
Theo van Doesburg and Cornelis van Eesteren
(Dutch), Contra-Construction, an architectural project of 1923, axonometric
projection in gouache
on lithograph
on paper, 22 1/2 x 22 1/2 inches
(57.2 x 57.2 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY.
Theo van Doesburg, Counter-Composition VI, 1925, oil
on canvas, 50.0 x 50.0
cm, Tate Gallery, London. See grid.
Vilmos Huszar (born Hungary, 1884-1960; to the Netherlands 1905), Composition with Female Figure, 1918, oil on canvas, 31 1/2 x 23 3/4 inches (80 x 60.4 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY. See Hungarian art.
Gerrit T. Rietveld (Dutch, 1884-1964), Red-Blue Chair, c. 1923, hardwood lacquered in blue, red, and yellow, 34 1/8 x 26 x 33 inches (86.7 x 66 x 83.8 cm), seat height 13 inches (33 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY. Although this chair's design is consistent with the aesthetic of De Stijl, it was presented at a Bauhaus exhibition in 1923. See furniture.
Gerrit T. Rietveld, Schroder House, 1924-25, steel beams
and columns, wood
and concrete, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Georges Vantongerloo (Belgian, 1886-1965),
Composition, 1917-1918, oil
on canvas, 36 x 54 cm,
Georges Pompidou Center, Paris.
Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud, architect and
delineator (Dutch, 1890-1963), House for Three Families, 1928, axonometric
projection in ink and pencil
on tracing paper, Carnegie
Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA. Oud worked in the style
that evolved from De
Stijl called the International Style.
César Domela (Dutch, 1900-1992), Neoplastic Composition, 1926-1927, oil on canvas,
82.5 x 102 cm, Georges Pompidou Center, Paris.
Burgoyne Diller (American, 1906-1965) was one of several Americans whose works were greatly influenced by De Stijl.
Also see Abstraction-Creation Group, Dutch art, and geometric.
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