rectangle and rectangular - A closed two-dimensional figure bounded by four right angles and four straight line segments, lines opposite each other equal in length to each other, but not necessarily to those adjacent (non-equilateral).

The formula with which to find a rectangle's area: multiply the lengths of two adjacent sides.

Examples of art in which rectangles are especially important:

James Abbott McNeill Whistler American, 1834-1903), Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist's Mother, 1871, oil on canvas, 4 feet 8 3/4 x 5 feet 3 3/4 inches, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France. With planes and shapes flattened, and color muted, Whistler's portrait demonstrates his devotion to aestheticism and art for art's sake. Accordingly, Whistler prefered to describe this paintings as an arrangement — much as music is an arrangement of pure forms — making him a precursor to abstract art.

Unknown American Artist, Bars, an Amish quilt of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, c. 1925, wool, 76 x 84 inches, Collection of Doug Tompkins. See textile and pattern.

Frank Lloyd Wright (American, 1867-1959), Fallingwater House, 1937-39, Bear Run, PA. See architecture.

Piet Mondrian (Dutch, 1872-1944), Broadway Boogie Woogie. 1942-43, oil on canvas, 50 x 50 inches (127 x 127 cm), at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. See De Stijl and grid.

Edward Hopper (American, 1882-1967), Early Sunday Morning, 1930, oil on canvas, 35 3/16 x 60 1/4 inches (89.4 x 153 cm), Whitney Museum of American Art, NY. See American Scene painting, Ashcan school, and realism.

Mark Rothko (born Marcus Rothkowitz) (American, born Russia, 1903-1970), N° 14 (Browns over Dark), 1963, oil and acrylic on canvas, 228.5 x 176 cm, Georges Pompidou Center, Paris.See Abstract Expressionism.

Richard Diebenkorn (American, 1922-1993), Ocean Park Series No.49, 1972, oil on canvas, 93 x 81 inches (236.2 x 205.7 cm), Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Donald Judd (American, 1928-1994), Untitled, 1967, stainless steel and Plexiglas, ten units, 9 1/8 x 40 x 31 inches, Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, TX. See more of Judd's work at the site of his Chinati Foundation. Also see Minimalism and specific objects.

Jasper Johns (American, 1930-), Flag, 1954-55, encaustic, oil and collage on fabric, mounted on plywood, 42 1/4 x 60 5/8 inches. See flag and Pop Art.

Eva Hesse (American, born Germany, 1936-1970), Sans II, 1968, fiberglass, 38 x 170 3/4 x 6 1/8 inches (96.5 x 433.7 x 15.6 cm), Whitney Museum of American Art, NY. See feminism and feminist art, fluted, and Minimalism.

Eva Hesse, Contingent , 1969, cheesecloth, latex, fiberglass, installation (variable) 350.0 x 630.0 x 109.0 cm, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.

Richard Serra (American, 1939-), Trip Hammer, 1988, steel, 274.3 x 331.5 x 134.6 cm, Tate Gallery, London. See Minimalism.

Also see frame, parallelogram, polygon, polyhedron, quadrilateral, rectilineal, rectilinear, rhombus, square, trapezium, and trapezoid.

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