Group of Seven - A group of seven Toronto-based Canadian landscape painters -- Lawren S. Harris (1885-1970), J.E.H. MacDonald (1897-1960), Frederick H. Varley (1881-1969), A.Y. Jackson (1882-1974), Arthur Lismer (1885-1969), Frank H. Johnston (1888-1949), and Franklin Carmichael (1890-1945). These men held a joint exhibition in 1920-- their first exhibition-- at the Art Gallery of Toronto. Members often went on expeditions together to paint landscapes in the Maritimes, Quebec, British Columbia, and, finally, the Arctic, expressing their patriotic zeal through their use of intense color, bold brushwork, and stylized curvilinear forms. Although their work was strongly criticized at first, it eventually won great favor.

Examples of their works:

F.H. Varley (Canadian, 1881-1969), Stormy Weather, Georgian Bay, c. 1920, oil on canvas, 132.6 x 162.8 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.

Alexander Young Jackson (Canadian, 1882-1974), The Entrance to Halifax Harbor, 1919, oil on canvas, 64.8 x 80.6 cm, Tate Gallery, London. See Group of Seven.

Lawren Harris (Canadian, 1885-1970), North Shore, Lake Superior, 1926, oil on canvas, 102.2 x 128.3 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.

Arthur Lismer (Canadian, 1885-1969), A September Gale, Georgian Bay, 1921, oil on canvas, 122.4 x 163 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.

In 1933 the Group of Seven changed its name to the Canadian Group of Painters.

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